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RecruitingNot ApplicableNCT05755217

Renal Ultrasound Response After Chocolate Consumption

Study of the Renal Physiological Response After Chocolate Consumption

Sponsor

Gregoire Wuerzner; MD

Enrollment

32 participants

Start Date

Feb 22, 2023

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Conditions

Chocolate Consumption

Summary

The consumption of dark chocolate (DC) has antihypertensive (3) and anti-inflammatory effects. Some studies also suggest that dark chocolate may also have cardiovascular benefits, but its physiological effects on the kidneys have not been studied in detail. In this randomized, single-blinded, controlled, monocentric cross-over study we will investigate whether the ingestion of a single dose of dark chocolate (g/kg, max 70g) leads to alterations in renal perfusion and blood pressure two hours after its consumption in healthy volunteers and patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. The Doppler-ultrasound assessed renal resistive index (RRI) will be used at baseline and two hours after chocolate consumption as an indirect measure of renal perfusion. Blood pressure and heart rate will be measured continuously using the Finapres® NOVA (Finapres Medical Systems, Enschede, The Netherlands) throughout the Doppler ultrasound examination. In order to compare the effects of dark chocolate with those obtained with white chocolate, participants will undergo a similar sequence of exames after the consumption of white chocolate.

Eligibility

Min Age: 18 Years

Inclusion Criteria5

  • Age ≥ 18 years old
  • ability to understand the study protocol and to sign an informed consent.
  • Age ≥18 years old,
  • CKD stage 1-3,
  • ability to understand the study protocol and to sign an informed consent

Exclusion Criteria11

  • Lactose or cocoa intolerance,
  • Diabetes,
  • any severe digestive issue and liver disease,
  • history of kidney stones,
  • inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, dementia, etc.
  • pregnant women
  • healthy volunteers taking antihypertensive medication
  • healthy volunteers having a known kidney malformation or abnormality
  • healthy volunteers with albuminuria and/or hematuria in the urine sample.
  • CKD patients with an eGFR\<30ml/min/1.73m2
  • CKD patients with measured kalemia of \> 5.5mmol/l in the last three months.

Interventions

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTDark chocolate

Single oral dose of 1g/kg of dark chocolate (70% cocoa).

DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTWhite chocolate

Single oral dose of 1g/kg of white chocolate (4% cocoa).

Locations(2)

Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois

Lausanne, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland

University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV)

Lausanne, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland

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NCT05755217