Comparison of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Training and Sensory Re-education in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Montiha Azeem
80 participants
Feb 10, 2026
INTERVENTIONAL
Conditions
Summary
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and is associated with sensory loss, impaired proprioception, balance deficits, and altered gait patterns, which significantly increase the risk of falls and functional dependence. Rehabilitation strategies targeting sensory and proprioceptive impairments are essential to improve postural control and mobility in this population. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular training and sensory re-education on balance and gait performance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Participants diagnosed with DPN will be randomly allocated into two groups. Group A will receive sensory re-education, while Group B will undergo a structured proprioceptive training program. Both groups will also receive baseline conventional treatment. Balance and gait outcomes will be assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and the Dynamic Gait Index at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. The findings of this study may help determine the more effective rehabilitation approach for improving balance and gait in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, thereby reducing fall risk and enhancing functional independence.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria1
- Both males and females Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 or Type 2) Aged between 40-75 years Presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (as confirmed by Michigan Neuropathy Assessment Tool or Toronto Clinical Rating Scale) HbA1c level > 7% consistently over the last 6 months
Exclusion Criteria1
- Unable to ambulate independently or with assistance Any history of neurological disorders Any history of musculoskeletal disordersin the past 6 months Renal and liver failure History of Ischemic heart disease History of dizziness or balance-impairing conditions
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Interventions
Participants will undergo a six-week sensory re-education program, three sessions per week. Each session includes: Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS): 10 minutes applied to lower lumbar region and area of neuropathic discomfort (pulse width 100-200 µs, frequency 80-100 Hz, intensity as tolerated). Sensory Re-Education: Stroking the affected skin using brushes and textured materials (rough hessian, wool, satin, cotton, fur) for 5 minutes per session, progressing from coarse to soft textures. Balance and gait will be assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) at baseline, mid-intervention (3 weeks), and post-intervention (6 weeks).
Participants will receive a structured proprioceptive neuromuscular training program for six weeks, three sessions per week. Each session begins with 10 minutes of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) applied to the lower lumbar region and area of neuropathic discomfort (pulse width 100-200 µs, frequency 80-100 Hz, intensity as tolerated). The main intervention consists of: Balance exercises: bilateral stance, heel raises, single-leg stance with opposite hip flexed, performed with eyes open and closed. Strengthening exercises: targeting lower limb muscles including quadriceps, hamstrings, and lateral thigh using squats and resistance exercises. Plyometric exercises: single- and double-leg jumps with 90° and 180° rotations to enhance coordination. Agility drills: figure-eight running and directional movements (forward, backward, lateral) along straight and spiral paths. Each session lasts approximately 30 minutes, with progressive intensity and complexity based on individual toleran
Locations(1)
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NCT07380880