Comparative evaluation of isobaric ropivacaine (0.75%) with the adjuvants - clonidine and dexmedetomidine administered intrathecally in adult patients undergoing infra-umbilical surgeries

This study is comparing three types of spinal anesthetic for lower abdominal surgery: ropivacaine alone, ropivacaine plus clonidine, and ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine. These medications are injected into the spinal fluid to numb the lower body for surgery. Adding clonidine or dexmedetomidine may extend the duration of pain relief and improve the quality of anesthesia. Researchers are measuring how quickly the block starts, how long it lasts, and any side effects. You may be eligible if: - You are between 18 and 65 years old - You are scheduled for planned (elective) lower abdominal surgery - Your surgery is expected to take no more than 2.5 hours - You are classified as ASA grade 1 or 2 (generally healthy or with mild illness) - Your height is between 150 and 180 cm You may NOT be eligible if: - You have refused to participate - You have contraindications to spinal anesthesia - Your resting heart rate is below 55 beats per minute - You take blood pressure medications, blood thinners, or aspirin - You have liver, kidney, or neurological conditions - You are obese, pregnant, or have psychosis or dementia - You have a known allergy to any of the study drugs Talk to your doctor about whether this trial might be right for you.