Refeeding Physique Athletes Post-Competition

A parallel-group, randomised controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of refeeding nutrition strategies in physique athletes post-competition. This study will be conducted in accordance with the CONSORT statement for randomised controlled trials. Approximately 30 male and female natural physique athletes will be recruited to participate in a 9-month study across their competitive season. Participant baseline testing at the beginning of the athlete’s individual competition preparation phase, which generally starts between 20-25 weeks pre-competition. Key observational time points consist of a baseline measure at T0 (20-25 weeks pre-competition), T1 (1-2 weeks pre-competition), T2 (1-2 weeks post-competition), T3 (6 weeks post-competition) and T4 (12 weeks post-competition). In the event that a participant plans to compete at multiple competitions spanning greater than 4 weeks between the first and final competition, an additional time point (T1.5) will be added 1-2 weeks prior to their last competition of the season. Participants will follow the guidance of their own coach leading into competition. After completing their final show of the season, participants will be randomly assigned electronically, by block design into two arms (ARM-1 or ARM-2). ARM-2 Individualised Dietary Support: Participants will consult with the lead researcher who is an Accredited Sports Dietitian (CB) to develop an individualised dietetic intervention for 12 weeks post-competition. Daily energy targets will be based on predicted energy requirements (Cunningham Equation and NHMRC Physical Activity Levels) in conjunction with consideration of each athlete’s reported energy intake. A 30-min counselling session will be held by a research dietitian to educate participants on the use of Easy Diet Diary (EDD) (Xyris Software Australia Pty Ltd) before beginning the study. Training logs (type, timing, intensity using rate of perceived exertion) and food records (kilojoules (kJ) and macronutrients) will be collected for 7-days at T0, T1, and T1.5. Accuracy of entries will be verified at face-to-face laboratory visits. At T1: A 1-hour face-to-face introductory session will be held to discuss post-competition body composition and health goals with the participant. Immediately post-competition to 12 weeks post-competition, participants will conduct weekly 30-minute phone or Zoom meetings with an Accredited Practicing Dietitian to review progress and provide additional support as required. During this time, participants will track daily dietary intake using EDD and conduct weekly training logs. Food advice will align with the principles of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and evidence-based sports nutrition practice. Each athlete’s food preferences will also be considered. In general, athletes will be encouraged to meet their individualised energy and nutrient goals through consuming a variety of foods from all food groups. Unprocessed foods will be given priority.