Study of Locomotor Expectations for Ascending/Descending Slope and Stairs in Patients With Limb Amputations

Patients with lower limb amputations are equipped with prostheses that can be mechanical and/or electronic. These prostheses can be mono-articular (only the ankle) or bi-articular (knee and ankle for example). For amputee patients, situations that may seem trivial, such as climbing and descending stairs, become complex. Thus during the descent of stairs, an unamputated person will slow down the descent by contracting the thigh muscles, which are obviously lacking in the amputee patient. Current prostheses, known as "intelligent" (or "microprocessor") prostheses, make it possible to adjust the locomotion only once the first step has been taken and to assist the patient during ascent/descent situations on slopes and stairs. The next technological challenge in the development of lower limb equipment is to be able to anticipate these complex environmental situations, in order to secure and facilitate movement even before the obstacle is crossed or the terrain changed. This project plans to use the locomotor expectations commonly made during walking as a means of regulating the locomotor pattern. We believe that these expectations will depend on the situation, i.e. a particular anticipation when climbing or descending a slope, or when approaching a staircase, etc. To understand and describe these locomotor expectations, we plan to use recent techniques called supervised machine learning. These will make it possible to classify locomotor behaviour when walking on a slope or stairs. In the second phase, we would like to describe precisely the characteristics of the movements of the joints, and of the muscles during these adaptations. The final objective of this work is to create an autonomous sensor system to control the anticipatory behaviour of a lower limb prosthesis.