Pain Control for Undergoing Costal Cartilage Harvesting

Exclusion Criteria10

• Known pregnancy.
• Women who are currently nursing a child.
• History of coagulopathy; such as hemophilia or Von Willebrand disease, or any congenital or acquired bleeding disorder.
• Use of anticoagulation medication during the study, i.e. aspirin, Coumadin, Plavix, or medications similar in class to these medications will exclude the patient from participation.
• Inability to provide informed consent (patients under guardianship).
• Known hypersensitivity to local anesthetics
• History of cardiac disease; such as current impaired cardiovascular function, past history of myocardial infarction, congenital heart disease, current cardiac symptoms, i.e. angina, shortness of breath, or chest pain as determined by history or review of the medical record.
• History of complex pulmonary disease; such as uncontrolled asthma, COPD, or interstitial lung disease as determined by history or review of the medical record.
• Impaired renal function as documented in the medical record in the last 3 months with a serum creatinine greater than 1.2 mg/dL or glomerular filtration rate \< 60 mL/min/BSA as determined by history or review of the medical record.
• \- History of or current hepatic disease as documented by liver function test abnormality in the last 3 months as determined by history or review of the medical record.