Decoding and Modulating Affective Brain States

This study is testing whether a type of non-invasive brain stimulation called TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) — guided by real-time brain scanning (fMRI) — can reduce symptoms of depression by targeting specific emotional brain states. Participants will also undergo brain scans to understand how their brain activity relates to mood. **You may be eligible if:** - You are between 18 and 65 years old - You have moderate to significant depression symptoms (PHQ-9 score of 10 or more) - You understand English and can provide informed consent - You are available for the full duration of the study **You may NOT be eligible if:** - You have a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or another psychotic disorder - You have recently used psychoactive medications or substances - You have a neurological condition or history of significant brain injury - You have metal implants (like a pacemaker or aneurysm clip) that prevent MRI or TMS - You cannot tolerate an MRI scan Talk to your doctor to see if this trial is right for you.