Time-restricted Eating in Patients With Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease and Albuminuria

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 12 to 15% of adults worldwide, with an increasing incidence expected. Major causes include diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and various glomerulonephritis. Proteinuria is a key factor in identifying and assessing the risk of CKD progression. The precise pathophysiology of CKD is not fully understood, but recent research highlights metabolic alterations, particularly in lipid and glucose metabolism. CKD progression is influenced by diet, as evidenced by recent studies. Interventions such as the ketogenic diet and time-restricted feeding show promising results in improving metabolism and may have beneficial effects on CKD. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of time-restricted eating (TRE) on proteinuria, the decline in glomerular filtration rate, and weight loss in patients with moderate CKD with albuminuria (KDIGO stage 2-3). This will allow us to better understand the efficacy of this dietary approach tailored to the individual habits of participants. The primary outcome measure will be albuminuria before and after the 12-week intervention. Secondary outcome measures will include the impact of fasting on blood pressure as assessed by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, body composition evaluated by DXA and BIA, continuous glucose monitoring, and blood hormone profiles. Additionally, the feasibility and safety of TRE in this population will be assessed.