Benefits of Epithelial Repair in COPD by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS)

The aim of this interventional, cross-sectional and pathophysiological experimental study is to evaluate the potential of a patient's induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, used prior to the re-differentiation stage, to enable ex vivo repair of the injured epithelium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smokers without COPD and non-smoking controls. The main questions it aims to answer are: * to evaluate the repair capacity of bronchial epithelium in COPD subjects, using a model of bronchial epithelium reconstituted in air/liquid interface culture and the iPS model. * epithelia repair capacities in normal or aberrant situations, as well as the time required for this repair, and to determine the involvement of grafted iPS cells in epithelia repair in cultured control subjects, smokers without COPD and COPD patients. Researchers will compare 3 groups of participants (COPD patients, smokers without COPD and non-smokers without COPD) for epithelial repair efficacy between non-grafted ALI cultures and ALI cultures grafted with iPS cells, in order to assess their contribution to epithelial repair. Participants will undergo a bronchial fibroscopy (for clinical indications) with two additional biopsies specific to the study. This research could lead to breakthroughs in cell-based therapies for COPD, with long-term implications for epigenetic treatments and in vivo applications.