TreaT-Assay: the New Frontier for the Diagnosis of Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplantation

Kidney transplantation is the standard therapy for end-stage renal disease. Acute rejection (AR) or chronic rejection along with reactive donor immunity, which counteracts organ acceptance, are among the greatest medical challenges in transplantation. In the posttransplantation setting, immunosuppressive drugs are administered to control or prevent immune reactions; however, the therapies have serious side effects. Retrospective studies have shown heterogeneous risk profiles with respect to post-transplant complications, such as AR or infection, suggesting the introduction of an individualized immunosuppressive regimen2,3,4. Biomarkers are needed for such individual therapies to discriminate between patients with different risk profiles.