Study on the Incidence of Malignant Neoplasms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Heterozygous Mutation of the GBA Gene

This multicenter retrospective observational study investigates the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients carrying heterozygous pathogenic variants in the GBA1 gene. The study compares these patients to individuals with idiopathic PD and to the general population within a large national cohort. The rationale for the study lies in the growing evidence indicating an increased risk of malignant neoplasms in patients affected by Gaucher disease. The primary objective is to assess whether PD patients with GBA1 mutations have a higher incidence of malignant neoplasms compared to the general population. Secondary objectives include comparing the incidence of malignant neoplasms between GBA1-PD and idiopathic PD patients, as well as between idiopathic PD patients and the general population. Additionally, the study aims to characterize oncological conditions by sex, age, center, and tumor site, with specific attention to distinguishing hematologic tumors from solid tumors. By identifying potential associations between GBA1 mutations and malignancies in PD, the findings could guide more comprehensive patient management, including screening for malignant neoplasms alongside Parkinson's disease care.