Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Combined With IL-2 and CapeOX in Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Prior to Surgery: A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Study

This study is testing whether combining immunotherapy (a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor), a type of immune-boosting molecule (IL-2), and chemotherapy (CapeOX) before surgery can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer that has a specific genetic profile (called microsatellite stable or MSS). **You may be eligible if...** - You are between 18 and 75 years old - You have locally advanced rectal cancer confirmed by biopsy - Your tumor has not spread to distant organs - Your cancer is classified as MSS (microsatellite stable) - You have not previously received chemotherapy or immunotherapy for colorectal cancer **You may NOT be eligible if...** - Your cancer has spread (Stage IV) or requires emergency surgery - You have HIV, an active autoimmune disease, or need immunosuppressive medications - You have lung inflammation, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, or other serious conditions - You are pregnant or breastfeeding Talk to your doctor to see if this trial is right for you.