Electrical Vestibular Nerve Stimulation (VeNS) as a Treatment for Improving Sleep in Visually Impaired Patients

The Modius Sleep device is a non-invasive, battery-powered headset that delivers low-level electrical stimulation (up to 1.0 mA at 0.25 Hz) to the skin behind the ears over the mastoid processes. It is worn like headphones and used for 30 minutes per session, five times per week for four weeks, under clinical supervision. Participants are assisted by a staff member to position the electrodes and adjust stimulation intensity in 0.1 mA steps, up to a maximum of 1.0 mA. The headset is turned on manually, and participants are encouraged to set it up independently after initial guidance. Sessions take place while seated, and participants remain supervised throughout to ensure correct use and safety.

The sham version of the Modius Sleep device is visually and operationally identical to the active device to preserve blinding. It delivers a brief initial stimulation (30 seconds, with a 20-second taper) at 0.8 Hz to mimic the sensation of the active device without providing ongoing vestibular modulation. The appearance, placement, and user experience are the same, and participants are informed that the sensation may fade during use. Like the intervention device, the sham is used under supervision in the clinic for 30-minute sessions, ensuring identical procedures across both groups. This design maintains blinding while minimizing any physiological effects from the sham stimulation.