Urinary Microbiome Differences in Bladder Cancer, Benign Urinary Diseases and Healthy Counterparts in Adult Male Population

This study is collecting urine samples from three groups — people with bladder cancer, people with benign urinary conditions, and healthy individuals — to investigate whether differences in the urinary microbiome (bacteria living in the urinary tract) can help detect or distinguish bladder cancer. **You may be eligible if...** - You have a confirmed diagnosis of bladder cancer and are having your bladder surgically removed (radical cystectomy), OR - You have a benign urinary condition (such as kidney cysts, enlarged prostate, or urinary obstruction), OR - You are a healthy adult without major medical conditions **You may NOT be eligible if...** - You have another active cancer - You have previously received BCG therapy (a bladder cancer treatment) - You are on current antibiotics or have used them in the past 2 months - You have chronic bowel inflammation - You have diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or heart/liver disease (for the healthy control group) Talk to your doctor to see if this trial is right for you.