Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy

This study is comparing three different drug combinations used during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) for patients undergoing craniotomy — brain surgery to remove a tumor — to see which approach provides the best balance of stable vital signs, pain control, brain relaxation, and quick recovery. The three combinations each include the standard anesthetic propofol along with one of these agents: dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, or magnesium sulfate. Adults classified as ASA 1 or 2 health status, with a BMI of 30 or less, scheduled for an elective brain tumor removal surgery lasting within 4 hours are eligible. Participation involves receiving the assigned anesthesia regimen during your operation and being monitored for pain control, vital signs, and recovery time afterwards. This summary was prepared to help patients understand the study in plain language.