RecruitingNot ApplicableNCT07157566

From Health Information to Health Decisions Integrating Mindfulness Into Digital Learning and Daily Life

Effects of Mindfulness Practice and E-health Information Push on E-health Literacy, Media Literacy, Food Literacy, and Mindfulness Skills Among University Students in Macau

Sponsor

University of Macau

Enrollment

268 participants

Start Date

Sep 20, 2025

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Conditions

Health Literacy Food Literacy Media Literacy

Summary

This research project aims to explore how combining e-health literacy with mindfulness practices can help university students navigate the complex landscape of e-health information and make more informed, healthier choices. Specifically, the study will assess the current levels of e-health literacy, food literacy, and media literacy among university students, and examine how these factors are related to critical thinking, decision-making confidence, and overall well-being. The project will involve a 4-arm design, including: (1) a mindfulness group, (2) an e-health group, (3) a mindfulness + e-health Group, and (4) a Control Group. Participants in the intervention groups will engage in short mindfulness exercises focused on mindful eating and movement during break times and cool-down sessions of their Physical Education (PE) classes. Additionally, digital health content (e.g., videos and articles) will be provided to enhance e-health literacy. This could lead to better-informed, more confident students who are able to make healthier choices in their daily lives, both during their university years and into the future. Study Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week intervention delivered during PE classes, comparing the effects of: 1\. Mindfulness Group 2. E-health Group 3. Mindfulness + E-health Group 4. Control Group The intervention will assess changes in students' e-health literacy, food literacy, media literacy, critical thinking, self-compassion and decision-making self-efficacy over time, with assessments at pre-test, post-test, and 4-week follow-up. Study Hypotheses: 1. Students in the mindfulness group, e-health group, and combined group will show significantly greater improvements in all outcome measures from pre-test to post-test compared to the control group. 2. The combined group will demonstrate the greatest gains in literacy and cognitive outcomes, due to the additive effect of both interventions. 3. Improvements will be maintained at the 4-week follow-up, particularly in the combined group.

Eligibility

Min Age: 18 YearsMax Age: 25 Years

Inclusion Criteria24

Mindfulness Group
Currently enrolled in a Physical Education (PE) class.
Aged between 18 and 25 years.
Willing to participate in the 8-week intervention and provide informed consent.
Generally healthy and able to engage in physical activity.
Proficient in Chinese.
E-health Group
Currently enrolled in a Physical Education (PE) class.
Aged between 18 and 25 years.
Willing to participate in the 8-week intervention and provide informed consent.
Generally healthy and able to engage in physical activity.
Proficient in Chinese.
Mindfulness + E-health Group
Currently enrolled in a Physical Education (PE) class.
Aged between 18 and 25 years.
Willing to participate in the 8-week intervention and provide informed consent.
Generally healthy and able to engage in physical activity.
Proficient in Chinese.
Control Group
Currently enrolled in a Physical Education (PE) class.
Aged between 18 and 25 years.
Willing to participate in the 8-week intervention and provide informed consent.
Generally healthy and able to engage in physical activity.
Proficient in Chinese.

Exclusion Criteria32

Mindfulness Group
Currently studying in medical, nutrition, or health-related fields.
Pregnant or lactating.
Severe mental health conditions or cognitive impairments affecting participation.
Currently participating in other mindfulness or digital health programs.
Involved in competitive sports (e.g., varsity athletes).
Recent major life events (e.g., trauma or major illness) within the last 6 months.
Unable to participate in PE classes due to medical or personal reasons.
E-health Group
Currently studying in medical, nutrition, or health-related fields.
Pregnant or lactating.
Severe mental health conditions or cognitive impairments affecting participation.
Currently participating in other mindfulness or digital health programs.
Involved in competitive sports (e.g., varsity athletes).
Recent major life events (e.g., trauma or major illness) within the last 6 months.
Unable to participate in PE classes due to medical or personal reasons.
Mindfulness + E-health Group
Currently studying in medical, nutrition, or health-related fields.
Pregnant or lactating.
Severe mental health conditions or cognitive impairments affecting participation.
Currently participating in other mindfulness or digital health programs.
Involved in competitive sports (e.g., varsity athletes).
Recent major life events (e.g., trauma or major illness) within the last 6 months.
Unable to participate in PE classes due to medical or personal reasons.
Control Group
Currently studying in medical, nutrition, or health-related fields.
Pregnant or lactating.
Severe mental health conditions or cognitive impairments affecting participation.
Currently participating in other mindfulness or digital health programs.
Involved in competitive sports (e.g., varsity athletes).
Recent major life events (e.g., trauma or major illness) within the last 6 months.
Unable to participate in PE classes due to medical or personal reasons.

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Interventions

BEHAVIORALMindfulness

Structured over 8 weeks (twice weekly) with dual modules (dietary + movement), this group employs Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) to improve mind-body awareness. Week 1 establishes foundational practices through mindful eating concepts and introductory yoga; Weeks 2-4 systematically train awareness of hunger/satiety cues using partner breathing techniques, postural alignment, and group-assisted stretching; Week 5 analyzes emotional eating triggers while integrating therapeutic yoga for emotional regulation; Weeks 6-7 foster body acceptance and autonomous food choices; the program concludes with closing rituals. Rooted in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), it strengthens interoceptive awareness, non-judgmental self-acceptance, and emotional management to transform dysfunctional eating patterns.

BEHAVIORALe-Health Literacy

This 8-week program (twice weekly) aims to enhance participants' ability to access, evaluate, and apply digital health information. It progresses through sequential modules: Week 1 introduces e-Health literacy fundamentals and physical activity principles; Weeks 2-3 focus on nutritional assessment and personalized planning; Week 4 addresses sleep health; Weeks 5-7 train health information retrieval skills, including database navigation and source reliability verification; the final week hones critical appraisal capabilities. The intervention is based on the e-Health Literacy 3.0 model and cultivates three core competencies: digital navigation, information discernment, and evidence-based decision-making, enabling participants to independently navigate the digital health ecosystem.