Patient-Specific 3D Action Observation Training in Parkinson's Disease
Examining the Effect of Action Observation Training Using Patient-Specific 3D Records in Parkinson's Patients
Abant Izzet Baysal University
24 participants
Dec 15, 2025
INTERVENTIONAL
Conditions
Summary
Although studies exist demonstrating the effects of single-session action observation training on bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease, research investigating the long-term application of such training remains limited. Furthermore, the broader literature indicates that action observation training has typically been conducted in simulated environments or by using recordings obtained from healthy individuals. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of action observation training, delivered in a fully immersive virtual reality environment using each patient's own 3D motion recordings, on bradykinesia and other disease-related parameters.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria5
- Voluntary agreement to participate in the study
- Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease confirmed by a neurologist
- Ongoing treatment with antiparkinsonian medication
- Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage ≤ 3
- Ability to walk independently
Exclusion Criteria5
- Presence of additional neurological disorders other than Parkinson's disease
- Change in medication dosage within the past month
- Score of ≥ 10 on the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire
- Presence of amblyopia, strabismus, or pathologies impairing focus, depth perception, or normal 3D vision
- Failure on the butterfly test of the Titmus stereotest (greater than 3,552 seconds of arc)
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Interventions
Participants will receive immersive VR action observation training using their own 3D motion recordings captured with an Insta360 camera (Arashi Vision Inc., Shenzhen, China). In Parkinson's patients, only the initial movement sequences without bradykinetic slowing will be selected, and these will be extended to the desired duration using loop playback or ping-pong loop playback in the device's proprietary software. The action observation protocol will consist of the following one-minute tasks: (1) total finger abduction and adduction, (2) fist making and opening, (3) wrist flexion and extension, (4) forearm pronation and supination, and (5) rhythmic striking of the dorsal and palmar surfaces of one hand against the palm of the other. A 1-minute rest will be given between each video. Training will be provided in addition to conventional therapy (35 minutes, 3 days per week for 6 weeks) tailored to individual needs.
Participants will receive immersive VR action observation training using 3D video recordings of the same activities performed by healthy individuals, captured with an Insta360 camera (Arashi Vision Inc., Shenzhen, China). Recordings will not require editing or adjustments. The action observation protocol will consist of the same one-minute tasks: (1) total finger abduction and adduction, (2) fist making and opening, (3) wrist flexion and extension, (4) forearm pronation and supination, and (5) rhythmic striking of the dorsal and palmar surfaces of one hand against the palm of the other. A 1-minute rest will be given between each video. Training will be provided in addition to conventional therapy (35 minutes, 3 days per week for 6 weeks) tailored to individual needs.
Locations(1)
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NCT07250672