Predictors of Long-Term Evolution in Long COVID; 4-Year Follow-Up. (BioICOPER Follow-up Study)
To Analyze the Determining Factors in the Evolution of Subjects Diagnosed With Long COVID at Four Years of Follow-up. BioICOPER Follow-up Study.
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca
400 participants
Feb 9, 2026
OBSERVATIONAL
Conditions
Summary
Long COVID (persistent COVID) represents a major global health challenge due to its high prevalence (approximately 7%), significant impact on quality of life, and socioeconomic burden. Despite extensive research, diagnostic tools to objectively identify or predict long COVID evolution are still lacking. The BioICOPER Follow-up Study aims to analyze the influence of biomarker evolution on clinical symptomatology (particularly chronic fatigue) and vascular health after four years of follow-up among 400 participants previously included in the original BioICOPER cohort. Advanced proteomic analysis, vascular function assessment, and machine-learning-based predictive modeling will be used to identify biomarkers associated with disease progression, stratified by sex. This project will contribute to personalized clinical management of long COVID and improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in primary care.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria5
- Adults ≥18 years old.
- Confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Diagnosis of long COVID according to WHO criteria.
- Participation in the baseline BioICOPER study.
- Signed informed consent for re-evaluation.
Exclusion Criteria4
- Acute illness preventing participation.
- Cognitive or physical impairment limiting data collection.
- Withdrawal of informed consent.
- Age \< 18 years old
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Interventions
This observational cohort includes 400 adult participants previously enrolled in the baseline BioICOPER study (2021-2023), who had a confirmed diagnosis of long COVID (persistent COVID-19) according to WHO criteria. Participants will undergo a comprehensive four-year follow-up assessment to evaluate clinical evolution, vascular function, and biological markers of disease persistence and recovery. There is no intervention assigned by the investigators - participants will continue their usual medical care. The study will observe natural disease progression and its association with biomarkers, vascular measurements, and lifestyle factors.
Locations(1)
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NCT07295483