Resisted Inspiratory Muscle Training Applied in Addition to PSSE-Schroth Exercises
The Effects of Resisted Inspiratory Muscle Training Applied in Addition to PSSE-Schroth Exercises on Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.
Hacettepe University
45 participants
Jan 2, 2026
INTERVENTIONAL
Conditions
Summary
This prospective randomized controlled trial will evaluate whether adding resisted inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE)-Schroth exercises provides additional benefits on clinical outcomes in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Participants will be randomly assigned to either PSSE-Schroth plus IMT or PSSE-Schroth alone. Both groups will receive supervised exercise sessions three times per week for 8 weeks (24 sessions). Outcomes will be assessed before and after the intervention and will include clinical measures (e.g., Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation, Posterior Trunk Symmetry Index, The Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale), respiratory muscle performance (maximal inspiratory pressure/maximal expiratory pressure, six-minute walk test) and related physiological parameters, functional performance (balance, 3D kinematics, plantar pressure analysis, isokinetic strength), sleep quality, and health-related quality of life (Scoliosis Research Society- 22, Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life). The study is expected to enroll approximately 45 participants.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria7
- Female adolescents aged 10-18 years.
- Diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
- Cobb angle between 10° and 45°.
- Angle trunk rotation (ATR) ≥ 5°.
- Risser ≤ 3 and Sanders ≤ 4.
- No scoliosis-related procedure within the last 6 months.
- No contraindication to exercise.
Exclusion Criteria10
- Non-idiopathic scoliosis (neuromuscular, congenital, syndromic).
- Inability to achieve ≥80% adherence/compliance.
- History of spinal surgery or major trauma.
- Cardiopulmonary diseases contraindicating exercise.
- Neurological, rheumatological, vestibular, or systemic diseases.
- Acute musculoskeletal injury or impaired skin integrity.
- Participation in a regular PSSE-Schroth or IMT program within the last 3 months.
- Intellectual disability or communication difficulties preventing protocol adherence.
- Newly initiated brace treatment or high risk of non-compliance with brace management.
- Lack of informed consent.
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Interventions
Participants will perform a standardized PSSE-Schroth exercise program under supervision. Sessions will be delivered three times per week for 8 weeks (total 24 sessions). Exercises will be individualized according to scoliosis pattern and clinical assessment
Participants will receive threshold-loaded inspiratory muscle training in addition to PSSE-Schroth. IMT will be supervised and performed three times per week for 8 weeks, aligned with the exercise sessions. Training will be progressed according to individual tolerance and protocol targets
Locations(1)
View Full Details on ClinicalTrials.gov
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NCT07321600