Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Luspatercept Combined With Thalidomide in the Treatment of β-TDT Patients

Exclusion Criteria14

• A diagnosis of α-thalassemia minor, Hb Bart's edema, hemoglobin S/β-thalassemia, or myelodysplastic anemia (combination of β-thalassemia and α-thalassemia is permitted);
• Anemia related to nutritional deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, or any other hemolytic anemia (e.g., severe G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency);
• A bleeding disorder manifesting as frequent bleeding (e.g., menorrhagia, epistaxis, coagulopathy);
• Hemolysis unrelated to thalassemia within the past 8 weeks, such as after use of hemolytic-inducing medications (e.g., antimalarials, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs \[NSAIDs\]);
• Use of long-term anticoagulant therapy, unless discontinued at least 28 days before randomization. Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for surgery or high-risk procedures, as well as low-molecular-weight heparin and long-term aspirin therapy for superficial venous thrombosis, are permitted.
• Use of thalidomide alone, erythropoiesis-stimulating drugs (ESA), or hydroxyurea within the past 24 weeks.
• Use of long-term systemic glucocorticoids within the past 12 weeks.
• Use of cytotoxic drugs, immunosuppressants, or other investigational drugs within the past 28 days.
• HIV positive and/or active HCV or HBV infection.
• Hepatic and renal insufficiency (liver insufficiency, i.e., aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥3× upper limit of normal (ULN); renal insufficiency, i.e., serum creatinine ≥3× upper limit of normal (ULN) or creatinine clearance less than 30). mL/min), history of malignancy (unless cured and/or with no known active disease);
• Women who are pregnant, plan to become pregnant during the study, or are breastfeeding;
• Previous thalassemia gene therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT);
• Platelet count \< 70 × 109/L, if not associated with hypersplenism, or platelet count \> 1,000 × 109/L;
• Other conditions deemed unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial by the investigator.