SweetSpot - The Effect of Non-nutritive Sweeteners on Health

Exclusion Criteria24

• Diseases or prior surgeries affecting the stomach, liver, kidneys or intestines (allowed i.e. appendectomy);
• Cardiovascular diseases (e.g. heart failure) or cancer (e.g. non-invasive skin cancer allowed);
• Diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes;
• Drug treated thyroid diseases (well substituted hypothyroidism is allowed for inclusion);
• HbA1c level \>6.5% (\>48 mmol/mol), as measured during the screening visit;
• Anaemia defined as Hb concentrations \<8.5 mmol/L for men and \<7.5 mmol/L for women via finger prick;
• Regular use of/receiving medication interfering with research outcomes (as judged by research physician), such as use of glucose lowering drugs, insulin, or use of medication that impacts the gastro-intestinal system;
• Use of antibiotics over the last 3 months before study start;
• Donated blood within 2 months prior to the screening;
• Food allergies, intolerances (including lactose/gluten intolerance) for products used in the study design and/or dietary restrictions interfering with the study (including special diets and eating disorders);
• Followed a diet that can interfere with the study outcomes within 1 month prior to the screening (e.g. ketogenic, sugar free, carbohydrate free);
• Not willing to eat all products in the study diet, including eggs and dairy. Vegetarian is possible;
• Not willing to consume non-nutritive sweeteners;
• Not willing to quit the use of supplements that can interfere with the study outcomes (e.g. pre- or probiotics).
• Intention to change the intensity of exercise during the study period or planning to join a intensive sport event (e.g. marathon or triathlon);
• Intention to lose or gain weight;
• Working night shifts regularly;
• Smoking regularly
• Use of soft and/or hard drugs (cannabis included);
• Abuse of alcohol (defined as \>14 glasses (women) or \>21 glasses (men) of alcoholic beverages per week);
• Being pregnant or lactating or planning to become pregnant;
• Inability to understand study information and/or communicate with staff;
• Participation in another study that involves an intervention within two months prior to the intervention;
• Working or doing a thesis/internship at the division of Human Nutrition \& Health, or the Food, Health \& Consumer Research group of Wageningen Food \& Biobased Research.