Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Acute Anxiety State in Adults

Exclusion Criteria1

• \. Acute anxiety states caused by other psychoactive substances; history of abuse of psychotropic or anesthetic drugs; 2. Use of sedative-hypnotic drugs at the time of enrollment and still in the washout period; 3. Use of alpha-adrenergic agonists (e.g., norepinephrine, methoxamine, methoxamine hydrochloride, epinephrine, clonidine hydrochloride tablets, midodrine hydrochloride tablets, etc.) or beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol, etc.) within the past 12 hours; 4. Patients with allergies to the active ingredients or components of the study drugs (e.g., dexmedetomidine) or those with a history of three or more allergic reactions to various allergens; 5. Endocrine system disorders, such as hypoglycemia, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism; 6. Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction or unstable angina within the 6 months prior to screening; heart rate <60 beats per minute during screening; History of severe arrhythmias, such as second-degree type II atrioventricular block or higher; poorly controlled blood pressure (hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mmHg, or hypotension: systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≤50 mmHg); 7. Cerebrovascular diseases, such as a history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack; 8. Respiratory diseases, such as asthma, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or pneumonia; history of difficult airway management or assessed potential risk, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or asthma; 9. History of severe hepatic or renal insufficiency; 10. History of epilepsy; 11. Pregnant or lactating women; 12. Other conditions deemed unsuitable for enrollment by the investigator.