Hemodynamic Changes and Trigeminocardiac Reflex During Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery

This observational study aims to evaluate hemodynamic changes occurring during bimaxillary orthognathic surgery using routinely collected intraoperative monitoring data. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation will be recorded during different stages of surgery as part of standard clinical care. The study will also evaluate the occurrence of the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) and its association with patient characteristics and surgical stages. No additional interventions, laboratory tests, or procedures will be performed beyond routine clinical practice. The findings may contribute to the early recognition and management of intraoperative hemodynamic changes during orthognathic surgery.