Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride in Preventing Heart-Related Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Participants With Blood Cancers

This study tests whether a drug called dexrazoxane can protect the heart from damage caused by high doses of a chemotherapy drug called doxorubicin (anthracycline) in patients with blood cancers such as leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (a bone marrow disorder). **You may be eligible if...** - Your heart is pumping normally at baseline (ejection fraction of 50% or higher, measured by echocardiogram or MUGA scan) - You have been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS with 10% or more blasts), high-risk myeloproliferative neoplasm, or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast phase - You are not currently pregnant, or you are using contraception if you could become pregnant **You may NOT be eligible if...** - Your heart pumping function is already reduced (ejection fraction below 50%) - You have already received significant amounts of anthracycline chemotherapy without prior dexrazoxane protection - Your blood cancer diagnosis does not fall within the listed eligible types Talk to your doctor to see if this trial is right for you.