Advanced Therapies for Liver Metastases

Liver metastases (MTS) are the main cause of death for patients affected by colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), thus representing the major unmet clinical need for these malignancies. Based on preliminary and published data, the investigators hypothesize that innovative immune, gene, and cell therapy approaches might overcome the tolerogenic liver microenvironment and represent powerful therapeutic tools for liver MTS of PDAC and CRC. The investigators have therefore planned an observational clinical study to enroll distinct cohorts of patients (i.e., metastatic CRC, preneoplastic, metastatic, and non-metastatic PDAC) and finely characterize, through integrated state-of-the-art -omics, the immune and non-immune microenvironment of their primary tumor and/or liver metastases as well as correlate changes in the activation status and phenotype of peripheral blood leukocytes. Healthy volunteers will be enrolled as negative controls. The investigators aim at identifying: i) actionable tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and local immune suppressive and regulatory pathways; ii) biological parameters for early diagnosis of relapse; iii) the effect of therapies on the shaping of anti-tumor immune responses. Data collected will be instrumental for the generation of novel advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). Indeed, this protocol is part of a multi-partner translational program, supported by the AIRC 5 per Mille 2019 grant, focused on the development, validation, and implementation of clinical testing for ATMPs to ameliorate the cure of CRC and PDAC, and possibly to help the study of other solid tumors. Moreover, the systematic and long-term follow-up of enrolled patients will possibly point to early predictors of differential prognosis and patients' categories eligible for tailored therapies, including those with the novel ATMPs. In this regard, two additional substudies were incorporated into the main LiMeT protocol in July 2024 and January 2026, respectively, supported by supplementary funding: 1) the TREATLIVMETS (Treating Liver Metastasis) project, funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon Europe research and innovation program; 2) the "Deciphering and targeting the immunological niche in PDAC" project, funded by the Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica (FRRB) under the "From Bed to Bench 2024" call. In the latter substudy, machine learning will be integrated with the spatial multi-omic profiling of the immune landscape in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in a subset of IPMN and PDAC patients, supporting the discovery of new therapeutic targets and enabling the early detection of preneoplastic lesion progression.