Effect of Spinal Anesthesia in Elective Cesarean Cases on Frontal QRS Angle in Anemic and Non-Anemic Patients

The QRS-T angle represents a novel marker of myocardial repolarisation. It is defined as the angle difference between the direction of ventricular depolarisation (QRS wave) and the direction of ventricular repolarisation (T wave). It is an indicator of instability in the electrophysiological properties of the myocardium and is associated with arrhythmias. The frontal QRS-T angle is a straightforward, cost-effective parameter that can be readily obtained from 12-lead electrocardiography. The most prevalent arrhythmias during pregnancy are atrial arrhythmias. However, ventricular tachyarrhythmias are exceedingly rare during pregnancy and may be life-threatening. Caesarean section is one of the most common surgical procedures. General anaesthesia, spinal anaesthesia and epidural anaesthesia can be employed in these patients. Spinal anaesthesia is a frequently employed method in caesarean section operations due to its rapid onset of effect, technical simplicity of application and higher probability of success. In pregnant women, anaemia is defined as a haemoglobin concentration below 11 mg/dL in the first trimester, 11 mg/dL in the second trimester and 10.5 mg/dL in the third trimester.