Time-restricted Eating and Cognition

Exclusion Criteria36

• weight change >5% of body weight during the last 3 months
• pregnancy or breastfeeding
• allergies (inclusion possible after consultation with study doctor)
• history of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, hypotension) in the last year
• severe psychiatric condition, including drug addiction and depression
• impaired renal or liver function
• dementia or other severely debilitating cognitive disease
• history of or current eating disorders (e.g., Bulimia nervosa, Anorexia nervosa, Orthorexia nervosa, Binge-Eating disorder)
• chronic diseases (e.g., Morbus Crohn, Colitis Ulcerosa)
• metabolic disorders (e.g., metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 1 or 2)
• hormonal imbalances (e.g., thyroid gland diseases)
• consuming diseases (e.g., cancer, kachexie) in the last 2 years
• surgical removal (partial removal) of the digestive organs (e.g., gastrectomy) or history of bariatric surgery
• Autoimmune conditions or current infection
• Blood clotting disorders (e.g., haemophilia)
• Severe anemia
• severe claustrophobia
• blood donation four weeks prior to study entry
• glucocorticoid therapy (oral)
• anticoagulant medication (inclusion possible if medication can be paused)
• taking medications that require regular eating
• any medications or supplements known to affect sleep, circadian rhythms, immune activity or metabolism
• taking weight loss, lipid or glucose-lowering medications (any medications that affects metabolism) i.e. metformin
• pacemaker or other electrical implant
• vaccination during the study course or in the two weeks' prior
• immunosuppressive premedication
• currently on a diet/fasting regime (or within 1 month)
• professional athletes
• nicotine consumption
• drug abuse
• alcohol consumption per week more than 14 beers (0,3l)/ wine (0,125l)/ sparkling wine (0,1l)/Schnaps (4cl)
• shift work
• poor sleep quality (PSQI score > 10 at medical screening)
• travel across more than one time zone one month before study or during study period
• non-removable metallic implants
• fear of blood draw