Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) Into Urdu

This study is translating and adapting a psychological questionnaire called the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) into Urdu, to make it usable for Urdu-speaking populations experiencing depression and anxiety. This is a validation study — no treatment is being tested. **You may be eligible if...** - You are between 18 and 65 years old - You have at least 5 years of education - You have symptoms of depression or anxiety **You may NOT be eligible if...** - You have a substance use disorder (by DSM-5 criteria) - You have significant cognitive impairment such as severe learning disability or dementia - You are currently experiencing active psychosis, as determined by a clinician Talk to your doctor to see if this trial is right for you.