Association Between Fecal Microbiota Composition, Metabolite Concentrations, and Indoxyl Sulfate Levels

Gut dysbiosis is frequently characterized by decreased microbial diversity and alterations in the abundance of certain microbial species. In individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), dysbiosis and metabolic imbalances are prevalent, contributing to the buildup of gut-derived retention solutes and metabolites in the bloodstream. Research has consistently shown that CKD patients exhibit lower levels of beneficial gut bacteria. However, the specific functional changes in gut microbiota and their interactions with levels of uremic toxins in hemodialysis (HD) patients remain incompletely understood. This study seeks to explore the association of fecal metagenomics and targeted metabolomics in a cohort of 60 patients with different levels of to characterize the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and fecal and serum metabolites.