Cardiometabolic evalUation REgistry of Heart Failure

This is a combined retrospective-prospective observational cohort study investigating the role of systemic and local cardiometabolic risk factors in cardiac structural/functional remodeling and clinical outcomes among heart failure (HF) patients. The study integrates retrospective clinical data (from the past 10 years) and prospective longitudinal follow-up (5 years) of HF patients across HF with reduced (HFrEF), mildly-reduced (HFmrEF), preserved (HFpEF) and improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) phenotypes. Systemic metabolic factors (e.g., blood lipid profiles, glycemic levels, insulin resistance) and local factors (e.g., epicardial adipose tissue \[EAT\], perivascular adipose tissue \[PVAT\]) will be analyzed for their associations with changes in cardiac geometrics and function, dynamic transitions between HF phenotypes, as well as the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The study seeks to advance risk stratification by integrated evaluation of cardiometabolic profiles so as to refine personalized cures in HF management.