Effects of Esketamine Combined With Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Sleep Quality

Exclusion Criteria8

• ASA classification≥ Class V;
• Presence of neuraxial anesthesia contraindications: coagulation dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, neuraxial mass, puncture site infection, etc.;
• Patients with contraindications to esketamine (such as allergies, intracranial aneurysms, hyperthyroidism and glaucoma);
• Patients with contraindications to dexmedetomidine (allergies);
• Patients with severe cardiovascular diseases such as sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate < 50 beats/min), atrioventricular block grade II or above without pacemaker, unstable angina, severe valvular heart disease, severe arrhythmia, severe macrovascular disease with New York Heart Association class III patients, etc.;
• Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (STOP-BANG score > 3 points);
• Patients with severe hepatic and renal insufficiency (such as Child-Pugh score III, creatinine clearance < 35 mL/min, preoperative dialysis);
• Those who have delirium, dementia, moderate to severe cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric disorders before the start of the trial and are unable to communicate and cooperate with the investigator.