Bone Reconstruction With Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro to Repair Long Tubular Bone Defects

Exclusion Criteria13

• Combined with local tumors, tuberculosis, infections or other bone-healing affecting lesions;
• Systemic diseases affecting bone healing such as osteofibrous dysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, bone dystrophic diseases, and metabolic bone disorders;
• Moderate-to-severe osteoporosis (BMD: T-score < -2.5);
• Severe systemic conditions including systemic malnutrition, systemic infectious diseases, severe cardiopulmonary diseases, coagulation disorders, and major organ failure;
• Complicated with severe brain trauma;
• Heavy smoking, drug abuse, alcoholism, or other harmful addictions;
• Psychiatric disorders or patients with menopausal symptoms;
• Concurrent participation in other studies or recent completion (within 4 weeks) of other clinical trials;
• Pregnancy, lactation, or planned pregnancy within one year after initial enrollment;
• Psychological conditions impairing treatment compliance;
• Congenital malformations of vital organs or other systems;
• Nonunion caused by malignant tumor resection;
• Refusal to accept tissue-engineered bone repair protocol.