The Effects of Augmented Reality Versus Virtual Reality
Effects of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality-Assisted Gait Training on Balance and Walking in Individuals With Stroke
Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
66 participants
Aug 1, 2025
INTERVENTIONAL
Conditions
Summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)-assisted treadmill gait training on balance and walking in individuals with stroke, within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). A total of 66 post-stroke patients will be randomly assigned to three groups: (1) VR group receiving gait training via C-Mill VR applications in addition to conventional physiotherapy, (2) AR group receiving gait training via C-Mill AR applications in addition to conventional physiotherapy, and (3) control group receiving a home exercise program alongside conventional physiotherapy. Participants will train for 45 minutes per day, five days a week, for three weeks. Outcome measures will include clinical, functional, cognitive, and spatiotemporal gait parameters to evaluate changes in balance and walking ability before and after the intervention.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria3
- ICD-10 diagnosis code of G.81 (Hemiplegia)
- Age 18 years or older
- Ability to walk with assistance or independently (Functional Ambulation Classification score of 2 or higher)
Exclusion Criteria11
- Incomplete completion of the assessment form
- Refusal to participate in the study
- Aphasia
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment score below 10
- Presence of extra neurological or orthopedic problems unrelated to stroke
- Recurrent stroke
- MAS score of 3-4 (lower extremity)
- Volunteer's desire to withdraw from the study
- Inability to adapt to the technological devices used in the study (e.g., visual or hearing impairments)
- Missing three consecutive treatment sessions
- Botulinum toxin-A (BONT-A) injection to the lower extremity during the treatment process or within the last 6 months
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Interventions
Gait training will be conducted using the AR applications Stepping Stones, Reactive Stones, Obstacles, Speed Adjustment, Slalom, Tandem, and Monster Game for 45 minutes.
Gait training will be conducted using the VR applications Nature Island, Italian Apps, and Soccer for 45 minutes.
"Patients will be taught exercises including walking on a flat surface, walking with varying step lengths, walking over obstacles, and walking at different speeds. They will be instructed to perform these exercises for 45 minutes per day.
The treatment duration is 60 minutes. Based on the patient's needs, the following exercises will be performed: scapular and thoracolumbar mobilization; upper and lower extremity exercises (range of motion, stretching, and strengthening); bed mobility and transitional movements such as rolling, coming to a sitting position, and standing up; core activation exercises such as bridging and functional reaching; weight shifting and balance training; gait training (e.g., walking between parallel bars, walking in different directions, and walking over obstacles); and cycling on a bicycle ergometer.
Locations(1)
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NCT07113093