The Effects of Some Antihyperglycemic Drugs on Cognitive Function and Risk of Depression of Diabetic Patients

This study investigates whether two common diabetes medications — SGLT-2 inhibitors (like empagliflozin) and DPP-4 inhibitors (like sitagliptin), both taken with metformin — have different effects on brain function and mood in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Some diabetes drugs may protect the brain; this study aims to find out which is better. **You may be eligible if...** - You are over 55 years old with type 2 diabetes - You have been taking either an SGLT-2 inhibitor plus metformin, or a DPP-4 inhibitor plus metformin, for at least 1 year **You may NOT be eligible if...** - You have a pre-existing diagnosis of dementia or major cognitive impairment - You have a history of serious psychiatric illness or stroke - You are taking other medications that significantly affect brain function - You have poorly controlled diabetes with frequent severe low blood sugar episodes Talk to your doctor to see if this trial is right for you.