Periodontal Health Among Cigarette, Electronic Cigarettes, and Narghile Smokers
Evaluation of Periodontal Health Among Cigarette, Electronic Cigarettes, and Narghile Smokers Among a Sample of Alhawsh Private University Students
Al-Hawash Private University
90 participants
Jun 1, 2025
OBSERVATIONAL
Conditions
Summary
This study compares the different effects of traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and narghile on periodontal health among a sample of Al-Hawash Private University students. The main question it aims to answer is: Are there statistically significant differences in periodontal parameters among different types of smokers?
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria3
- Cigarette smokers: Individuals who have smoked five or more cigarettes per day for at least one year.
- E-cigarette smokers: Individuals who have smoked e-cigarettes one or more times per day for at least one year.
- narghile smokers: Individuals who have used a hookah one or more times per day for at least one year.
Exclusion Criteria6
- Non-smokers
- Ages older than 25 years
- Dual smokers: Individuals who smoke two or more types of tobacco.
- Individuals with systemic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, liver problems, and kidney disease
- Individuals who reported using antibiotics, steroids, or NSAIDs within the past month
- Individuals who have received periodontal treatment at least six months ago
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Interventions
Non-Interventional Study
Locations(1)
View Full Details on ClinicalTrials.gov
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NCT07562295