Effects of Breathing Retraining Exercises in Pregnant Females With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.
Effects of Breathing Retraining Exercises on Heartrate, Blood Pressure and Orthostatic Intolerance in Pregnant Females With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.
Riphah International University
44 participants
Aug 31, 2025
INTERVENTIONAL
Conditions
Summary
Postural orthostatic tachycardia POTS is characterized by excessive increase in heart rate when moving from lying to standing position, often accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, brain fog, lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat and palpitation.it most commonly effects the females of reproductive age and can be triggered by events like viral infections, trauma and hormonal changes. During pregnancy females may experience worsening of symptoms in first trimester due to hormonal changes and decreased blood volume later on in second and third trimester the blood volume begins to increase. However, breathing exercises helps to regulate the nervous system, improves parasympathetic activity and reduce sympathetic activity. The study will be randomized clinical trial and will be conducted at Bashir hospital Sialkot and Fatima hospital Sialkot. The study will be completed in 10 months of duration after the approval of synopsis. Non probability convenience sampling will be used and 44 participants will be included in the study after randomization. The subjects will be divided into two groups. Group A (experimental group) will receive diaphragmatic breathing exercises whereas Group B (control group) will receive educational retraining whereas both groups will receive baseline treatments which includes progressive muscle relaxation techniques. The tools used for the study will be Vanderbilt orthostatic symptom score VOSS to evaluate orthostatic intolerance, blood pressure will be measured using non-invasive blood pressure measurement and pulse oximetry will be used to access the heart rate. After data completion data will be analyzed by using SPSS version 21.
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria4
- Pregnant female between the age of 19 to 35 years.
- Active standing results in a sustained increase in heart rate (HR) of at least 30 bpm or ≥120 bpm.
- POTS patients with a subacute onset of lightheadedness, dizziness, and presyncope provoked by standing.
- palpitations with chest discomfort, breathing difficulties, or feeling faint
Exclusion Criteria5
- Uncontrolled hypertension/pre-eclampsia
- cardiovascular disorder
- Patients with uncontrolled diabetes
- Patient with Anemia, severe heart failure and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Females with the history of deep venous thrombosis.
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Interventions
The treatment group will receive diaphragmatic breathing exercise. Pregnant women will be asked to relax for 5 minutes in the supine posture. One hand will be placed on the abdomen, the other on the upper chest wall. When inhaling, the hand on the abdomen will move upward and the other hand remain as still as possible. When exhaling, the hand on the abdomen will move downwards. Inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth. Pregnant ladies will be instructed to carefully exhale using controlled expiration. While the other hand will stay as still as possible. Following the breathing exercise, pregnant women will be asked to rest for 5 minutes. After learning the method, the exercises can be performed while sitting. Over the period of 30 days, the intervention group will be instructed to perform diaphragmatic breathing exercises for 5 minutes once a day
The control group will receive educational retraining. The participants will be asked to rise gradually from supine or sitting positions, particularly in the morning, after meals, and after urination/defecation. Avoid prolonged standing, high ambient temperatures, and excessive humidity. A daily hydration intake of at least 2.5 liters will be advised. Use of compression garments/ stocking to reduce peripheral pooling of lower limb.
Locations(1)
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NCT07579026