Blood Warming in Preterm Infants to Decrease Hypothermia

Background/significance: Over 100,000 early preterm infants are born annually in the United States and suffer morbidity and mortality during hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit. One such condition is hypothermia. Hypothermia has been defined as a contributor of neonatal morbidity by The World Health Organization. Another acute morbidity is anemia in preterm infants due to the prematurity and frequent laboratory testing. Anemia requires correction with a packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfusion. Researchers have previous noted hypothermia during PRBC transfusions in preterm infants. Objective: To use a commercial blood warmer in the neonatal intensive care setting to prevent hypothermic body temperatures (\<36.5°C) in very preterm infants during PRBC transfusions. Process: Based on a completed national survey of neonatal intensive care nurses and PRBC transfusion practices and personal NICU experience, we designed this randomized control trial in 140 very preterm infants in a Southeastern, level III neonatal intensive care unit. Outcomes: Very preterm infants (\<32 weeks gestational age) receiving PRBC transfusions warmed by the commercial blood warmer will have a lower incidence of central body hypothermia post transfusion (temperatures \<36.5C), compared to infants receiving PRBC transfusions by standard of care. Very preterm infants (\<32 weeks gestational age) receiving PRBC transfusions warmed by the commercial blood warmer will have a higher post transfusion mean abdominal skin body temperature when compared to infants receiving PRBC transfusions by standard of care. Hypothesis : The results of this trial could show that very preterm infants experience hypothermia during PRBC transfusions, and thus provide the evidence to support the need for warmed PRBC transfusions in very preterm infants nationwide.