Insomnia´s Impact on DNA Stability, Cardio-metabolic Health and Lifestyle Behaviors
Insomnia´s Impact on DNA Stability, Cardio-metabolic Health and Lifestyle Behaviors: A Case-control Study
Universidad Autonoma de Baja California
300 participants
Oct 1, 2024
OBSERVATIONAL
Conditions
Summary
Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder worldwide, with an increasing incidence in athletes, older adults, university students, and individuals with metabolic syndrome. This disorder has been associated with metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, and genetic instability. Recent evidence suggests that insomnia negatively impacts cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin sensitivity, and overall health through mechanisms involving neuroendocrine dysregulation, oxidative stress, and alterations in energy metabolism. However, the specific biological and environmental factors that contribute to its prevalence and health consequences remain poorly understood, particularly across different populations. Understanding these associations is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies to mitigate the long-term impact of insomnia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of insomnia on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic flexibility, and DNA integrity, across populations with high prevalence of insomnia, including athletes, older adults, university students, and individuals with metabolic syndrome. This study will also investigate which biological and lifestyle behaviors contribute to insomnia and its health consequences. By doing so, this work will provide critical insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms that link insomnia with metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction, contributing to the development of targeted interventions for at-risk populations
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria20
- Healthy Individuals (18-35 years old, men and women)
- Waist circumference: \<90 cm (men), \<80 cm (women)
- Fasting glucose: 70-110 mg/dL
- Blood pressure: \<120/80 mmHg
- Triglycerides: \<150 mg/dL
- HDL-C: \>40 mg/dL (men), \>50 mg/dL (women)
- Physical activity level: 600-1500 MET-min/week
- Athletes (18-35 years old, men and women)
- \*Engaged in structured sports training with a physical activity level \>1500 MET-min/week
- Older Adults (65-75 years old, men and women)
- \*Free of cognitive or mental health disorders. No specific cardiometabolic or body composition criteria due to the study's exploratory nature.
- University Students (18-35 years old, men and women)
- \*No specific cardiometabolic or body composition criteria due to the study's exploratory nature.
- Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome (18-35 years old, men and women)
- Waist circumference: \>90 cm (men), \>80 cm (women)
- Fasting glucose: \>110 mg/dL
- Blood pressure: \>130/80 mmHg
- Triglycerides: \>150 mg/dL
- HDL-C: \<40 mg/dL (men), \<50 mg/dL (women)
- Physical activity level: \<600 MET-min/week
Exclusion Criteria3
- Individuals with respiratory diseases or musculoskeletal injuries that prevent exercise, as determined by a clinical history review, a physical activity readiness questionnaire (PART-Q+), and pulmonary function tests (spirometry).
- Individuals with rotating or night-shift work schedules (e.g., emergency personnel, security guards), as circadian rhythm disruptions significantly impact sleep quality
- Women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or showing high testosterone levels with a history of oligomenorrhea, as these conditions may influence metabolic and hormonal markers. However, women with menstrual irregularities related to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or dysmenorrhea will not be excluded, given the established link between sleep disorders and menstrual cycle variations
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Interventions
A cardiopulmonary exercise test in a treadmill will be performed after an overnight fasting. Gas exchange, heart rate, and muscle oxygen saturation levels will be assessed continuously during the entire test. Blood pressure and rate of perceived exertion will be recorded prior the end of each stage whereas blood glucose concentration will be assessed before and after the test. All the hemodynamic parameters will be assessed at rest to standardize the cardio-metabolic condition of the participants prior to exercise testing. Maximal exertion will be requested from all participants except elders, in whom a submaximal test will be applied, following the guidelines provided by the American College of Sports Medicine. From this trial, maximal oxygen uptake, ventilatory thresholds/dynamics, chronotropic and inotropic response, and metabolic flexibility will be examined. A trained exercise physiologist will supervise all the tests and validate the obtained data.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis will be used to estimate body compartments through a mechanism of resistance and reactance (InBody 770, KOR) . The compartments measured include body cell mass, fat mass, extracellular tissue, lean mass, muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue area, phase angle, among others.
The frequency of micronuclei, nuclear buds, basal cells, binucleated cells, condensed chromatin cells, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and pyknosis will be determined through microscopic examination of exfoliated oral mucosal cells from each participant.
Physical activity and sedentary time will be assessed through the Spanish version of the International Questionnaire of Physical activity. In half of the analyzed subjects a wearable device (Fitbit luxe, Fit bit Inc) will be also used to record daily steps, energy expenditure and heart rate patterns.
Insomnia severity index, sleep quality, somnolence and chronotype will be subjectively assessed in all participants, using validated scales such as the Pittsburgh, Epworth and ISI questionnaires. In half of the participants, sleep quality will be tracked by wearing a Fit band luxe device in the wrist.
The concentrations of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile will be determined through serum analysis using a blood chemistry analyzer (Spin120, Spinreact, ESP). Serum samples will be obtained by centrifuging peripheral venous blood samples (4-6 mL) collected in Vacutainer tubes at 2500 rpm for 10 minutes. From the same serum samples, circulating levels of insulin, ovarian hormones (estradiol and progesterone), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) will be assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on a microplate reader (iMark, BIORAD, USA), following the specifications provided by each kit manufacturer (Biotechne, USA; AccuBind, GUA). Glucose, insulin and triglyceride values obtained from the blood chemistry analyzer and ELISA assays will be used to calculate the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the triglyceride-glucose index.
Perceived stress will be obtained from the Perceived Stress Scale adapted for Mexican population. Additionally, depression and anxiety scores will be obtained from the Becks Depression Inventory, validated in Mexican adults. Ruminative thinking will be assessed through the short version of the Ruminative Responses Scale and substance abuse will be examined through the 10-items Drug Abuse Screening Test. Social media disorder and screen time will be also investigated from the Social Media Disorder Test and a cell-phone screen capture.
A semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire will be applied to collect data about macronutrient intake and supplements consumption. Hierarchical consumption of each food groups will be also assessed. Last meal consumed prior to exercise testing will be also recorded in conjunction with fasting time.
The P10L polymorphism of the OPN4 gene, previously associated with chronic insomnia and severe daytime sleepiness in the Mexican population will be determined using RFLP-PCR assays. DNA will be extracted from previously collected blood samples (4 ml) using the Master Pure DNA purification kit from Epicentre (Illumina Inc., US).
Locations(1)
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NCT06869486