Dynamic Stretching vs. Foam Rolling: Effects on Hamstring Flexibility and Muscle Oxygenation in Tight Hamstrings

Hamstring muscle flexibility plays a vital role in functional movement and in the prevention of injuries. Reduced flexibility of the hamstring muscles is common and can lead to biomechanical dysfunctions, a limited range of motion, and poor posture. Interventions such as stretching exercises and myofascial release techniques are widely used to improve muscle flexibility. Dynamic stretching, which involves active muscle movements, has been shown to significantly enhance flexibility and may be more effective than static stretching. The use of a foam roller, which is a self-applied myofascial release technique, also improves flexibility and may offer additional benefits by increasing fascial mobility without impairing muscle strength. Peripheral muscle oxygenation reflects a muscle's ability to utilize oxygen and is increasingly used to assess physical performance and fatigue. Although some studies suggest that stretching exercises and foam roller applications may improve peripheral muscle oxygenation, the evidence remains limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of a single session of isolated dynamic stretching and foam roller application on hamstring muscle flexibility and muscle oxygenation. The hypothesis proposed that dynamic stretching would be more effective than foam roller application in enhancing muscle oxygenation, while both interventions would similarly improve muscle flexibility.