Femoral Arterial Cannulation in Pediatrics

The goal of this clinical trial\] is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ultrasound-guided "Modified Dynamic Needle Tip Positioning Short-Axis, Out-Of-Plane" (MDNTP-SAOP) technique compared to the "Conventional, Short-Axis, Out-Of-Plane" (C-SAOP) technique for femoral arterial cannulation performed by anesthesia residents in children. The main question it aims to answer is: What is the time required for attempted femoral arterial cannulation by anesthesia residents at the first puncture site? Researchers will compare the efficacy and safety of MDNTP-SAOP versus C-SAOP methods for femoral arterial cannulation performed by anesthesia residents in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery. Participants will be randomized to either the MDNTP-SAOP or the C-SAOP group. Intraoperatively, time taken for attempted cannulation by the resident at the first site of femoral arterial puncture, number of attempts at arterial cannulation, and number of cannulae required for successful cannula insertion will be recorded. Adverse events will be monitored on postoperative days 1 and 3. The insertion site will be examined for thrombosis, hematoma, infection, or limb ischemia distal to the insertion site