RecruitingNot ApplicableNCT07087184

Gauging Outcomes of Total Milk Ingestion on Lipid and gControl

Sponsor

University of California, San Francisco

Enrollment

100 participants

Start Date

Jul 24, 2025

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Conditions

Heart Diseases Cardiovascular Disease

Summary

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for adults in the United States. The cardiovascular impact of milk consumption remains a matter of long-standing scientific debate. Current guidelines for Americans recommend three daily servings of fat-free or low-fat (1%) dairy over full-fat options due to concerns that saturated fat may increase cardiovascular risk. Yet, the literature does not consistently support non-fat dairy as superior to high-fat dairy for reducing cardiometabolic risk. Identifying the comparative health benefits of non-fat versus high-fat dairy milk would be immediately applicable to patients who seek cardiovascular care. In this randomized, case-crossover trial, the investigators seek to efficiently assess the association between high-fat versus non-fat dairy milk consumption and insulin resistance. Utilizing the Eureka Platform, participants will be randomized to limit their liquid milk consumption to whole milk followed by skim milk (or vice versa), measuring the effect of milk fat content on glycemic index and lipid profile.

Eligibility

Min Age: 18 Years

Inclusion Criteria4

Are age ≥18 years
Have a smartphone
Are able to use the Eureka mobile application
Consume, on average, at least one cup of dairy milk daily, at least 5 days per week

Exclusion Criteria7

Non-English speaker
Are lactose intolerant
History of myocardial infarction
History of type I or type II diabetes
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Plan to change treatment for cholesterol
Unable to read or sign to provide informed consent

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Interventions

BEHAVIORALWhole Milk-Skim Milk

If randomized to the whole milk-skim milk treatment sequence, participants will be instructed to restrict their liquid milk consumption to only whole milk for the first 2 months and to only skim milk for the last 2 months of the enrollment period. Participants will receive weekly app and text-based message reminders of their randomization assignments.

BEHAVIORALSkim Milk-Whole Milk

If randomized to the skim milk-whole milk treatment sequence, participants will be instructed to restrict their liquid milk consumption to only skim milk for the first 2 months and to only whole milk for the last 2 months of the enrollment period. Participants will receive weekly app and text-based message reminders of their randomization assignments.