Effect of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Yufeng Ningxin in Patients With Hypertension

Exclusion Criteria18

• Secondary hypertension (including, but not limited to, renovascular hypertension, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, aortic coarctation, or due to known history of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea);
• Orthostatic hypotension (symptomatic or asymptomatic);
• Participation in another hypertension-related clinical trial at enrollment or within 6 months prior;
• Currently taking, taken within 30 days prior to randomization, or anticipated to receive during the study treatment period any medication or herbal supplement known to significantly affect blood pressure (with the exception of medications for the treatment of essential hypertension). These drugs include, but are not limited to: organic nitrates, glucocorticoids (excluding topical or inhaled corticosteroids), central nervous system stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate, amphetamines), estrogens, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, digitalis preparations, Chinese proprietary medicines (such as Tianma Gouteng Granules, Songling Xuemaikang Capsules, Yangxue Qingnao Granules), and herbal medicines (including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Ginkgo biloba leaves, Prunella vulgaris, etc.);
• Users of prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); initiation of, changes to, or discontinuation of sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy within 4 weeks prior to screening. Patients who were stably taking an SGLT2 inhibitor or low-dose aspirin (defined as ≤100mg per day) for at least 4 weeks prior to screening with no anticipated changes during the study are permitted;
• Severe hepatic or renal diseases (ALT >3 times the upper limit of normal value, or end stage renal disease on dialysis, or eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2);
• Type 1 diabetes or poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c>9.0%);
• History of large atherosclerotic cerebral infarction or hemorrhagic stroke (not including lacunar infarction and transient ischemic attack \[TIA\]);
• Hospitalization for myocardial infarction within last 6 months; Coronary revascularization (PCI or CABG) within last 12 months; Planned for PCI or CABG in the next 6 months;
• Sustained atrial fibrillation or arrhythmias interfering with electronic BP measurement;
• NYHA class III-IV heart failure, or hospitalization for chronic heart failure exacerbation within the past 6 months;
• Severe valvular diseases; Potential for surgery or percutaneous valve replacement within the study period;
• Dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, or congenital heart disease;
• Other severe diseases that may affect participant enrollment or survival, such as malignancy or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS);
• Cognitive impairment or severe neuropsychiatric comorbidities that render the patient incapable of providing informed consent;
• Participants preparing for or under pregnancy and/or lactation;
• Frequent night-shift work, with primary working hours during nighttime (e.g., 8:00 PM to 8:00 AM);
• Other conditions deemed inappropriate for participation by the investigators.