AMSC for Reducing Anastomotic Stenosis in Primary Arteriovenous Anastomoses

This study tests whether injecting special cells called adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) — taken from fat tissue — around a newly created arteriovenous (AV) fistula can reduce the chance of the fistula narrowing or becoming blocked. AV fistulas are surgically created connections between an artery and vein used for dialysis access in people with kidney failure. **You may be eligible if...** - You are between 18 and 85 years old - You are scheduled to have an AV fistula created in your arm for dialysis - Your vein and artery anatomy is suitable for the procedure - You are able to communicate with study staff and give written consent - Your life expectancy is at least 24 months - If female, you are post-menopausal or unable to have children **You may NOT be eligible if...** - You have had cancer or been treated for cancer in the past 6 months - You have HIV, AIDS, or an active autoimmune disease - You have a known clotting disorder or a history of multiple blood clots - You have a known active infection - You have had a failed organ transplant and are on immunosuppression - You are on an experimental drug or device within the past 60 days Talk to your doctor to see if this trial is right for you.